Uno work in ukraine Essay Example for Free

Uno work in ukraine Essay Outside relations of Ukraine have begun to create after it acknowledged the Declaration of State Sovereignty in 1990 and particularly after the Act of Independence of Ukraine was reported in 1991. Ukraine was up to that point, despite the fact that it had its own seat in the United Nations and was one of its 51 establishing states, a piece of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and consequently unfit to lead it own international strategy. The Declaration of Independence turned into the foundation and beginning stage formation of the international strategy rules that would meet the models of the present-day circumstance. The needs of Ukrainian international strategy have experienced a long procedure of modification, for the most part in view of complex household and worldwide circumstance. During the primary long periods of its freedom the fundamental international strategy objectives were to win global acknowledgment of Ukraine and build up relations with different nations, particularly with the neighboring previous Soviet republics and with other European and universes nations. Other indispensable pieces of this procedure were planned for making sure about national security of the nation, guaranteeing regional respectability and expand the strategic system. One of the most huge strides in the development of the legitimate premise of Ukraine’s universal relations was the movement on the Basic Directions of the Foreign Policy of Ukraine, acknowledged by Ukrainian parliament in 1993. This report decided Ukraine’s key national enthusiasm for the international strategy, characterized its standards and rules and set the needs of the international strategy. The accompanying needs were laid out in the goals: advancement of two-sided interstate relationships,â enlargement of the support in the European co-activity, coordinated effort with the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) part states, cooperation in United Nations (UN) and other universal associations. In the next years (1994 1997) Ukraine began to pick up status of being a powerful state in the area of Central and Eastern Europe. A great deal of endeavors were made to include the country all in all European procedures. The international strategy moved its concentration from building up worldwide relations to advancing Ukrainian national interests. As the reconciliation procedure in Europe grew, so did the Ukraine’s enthusiasm for being engaged with European and Euro-Atlantic structures. Ukraine took dynamic part in all the procedures taking in both Europe and the world. Its main goal was to reestablish European character which essentially implied its joining into European structures, particularly in the European Union, in fortification of European and Atlantic associations, and dynamic support in nearby tasks and instruments of collaboration. Ukraines contribution in European combination forms is important to get enrollment in the World Trade Organization (WTO). Europe orientated international strategy doesn’t forestall Ukraine to create respective cooperation with vital accomplices, for example, the Russian organization, the United States of America Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and Poland. Further endeavors will be put resources into advancement of other respective understandings, particularly with nations in Central and South Asia, the Asian-Pacific locale and in the Middle East. Current possibilities in Ukrainian international strategy are somewhat shaky. The household emergency which out broke after March 2006 parliamentary races and brought about the inability to restore the Orange Coalition has prompted multi-vectorism in Ukraine’s international strategy. Multi-vectorism is a consequence of various international strategy communicated by the president and the executive. Notwithstanding the present issues, Ukr aine’s international strategy has indicated a lot of congruity and it is probably going to remain the case. Ongoing improvements propose that an agreement have developed on immeasurably significant international strategy issues. Understand more: http://www.ukessays.com/articles/european-contemplates/ukraine-strategy profile.php#ixzz3543GXFgu

What Does Genocide Mean The era of mass murder mi Essay Example For Students

I don't get Genocide's meaning? The time of mass homicide mi Essay 644 ght be given as a name for the twentieth century. Never throughout the entire existence of the world have so a huge number of individuals been purposely executed since 1900. These millions werent all in light of war. They were survivors of destruction: the conscious killings of racial, strict, ethnic, or political gatherings. The word destruction is from the Greek genos, meaningrace, or clan, and the Latin cide, which means murdering. The First Significant Genocide The Armenian Genocide was coordinated against the inhabitants of Asia Minor by the Turkish government. This purposeful butcher started on April 24, 1915, under the front of World War 1. The number slaughtered are unsure. We will compose a custom paper on What Does Genocide Mean? The time of mass homicide mi explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The most reduced is 800,000 and the most noteworthy in excess of 2 million. First the Armenians in the military were incapacitated, set into forces, and afterward executed. At that point the Armenian political pioneers were gathered together on April 24, 1915, and afterward slaughtered. At long last, the rest of the Armenians were called from thier homes, told they would be migrated, and afterward walked off to inhumane imprisonments in the desert among Jerablus and Deir ez-Zor where they would starve and ache to death in the sun. On March, frequently they would be denied food and water, and many were brutalized and murdered by their watchmen. The experts in Trezbizond, on the Black Sea coast, stacked Armenians on canal boats and sank them out adrift. The Turkish government has denied this at any point occurred, however this occasion has been deliberately recorded by others. My Comment: As I said before the time of mass homicide ought to be given the name of the twentieth century. This century was when the vast majority for either their race, ethnic, or religion had been executed deliberately. From the Jewish Holocaust to the every single other massacre. However, there is additionally a motivation behind why this occurred. Perhaps it was on the grounds that it was an exercise to give us how effectively we are fit for getting along such monstrosities as this. These past slaughters likewise demonstrate us that it is so critical to find a sense of contentment with each other. Without this harmony look what everything caused. Book index: .

How to Use Positive Self Talk for Stress Relief

How to Use Positive Self Talk for Stress Relief Stress Management Management Techniques Print Reduce Stress and Improve Your Life With Positive Self Talk Develop the Positive Self Talk Habit! By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on June 24, 2019 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living Cultura / Duel / Riser / Getty Images You may not realize it, but your self-talk may be sabotaging your stress levels!  Self-talkâ€"the way your inner voice makes sense of the world around you and the way you communicate with your inner selfâ€"can greatly affect your stress levels in multiple ways.?? If your self-talk is generally negative, you may be perceiving events if your life as more stressful than they need to be and creating unnecessary anxiety and stress for yourself.?? You may be attributing negative motivations to people who are well-meaning, you may be perceiving yourself as less equipped to handle challenges you face, and you may be seeing only more negatives than positives in what you are facing in life, when there may be a much less stressful bright side youre not perceiving because of habitual negative self-talk.  You may also succumb to rumination, a pattern of negative thinking that can consume your idle time and bring stress from the past into the present unnecessarily without leading to any resolution.?? Patterns of negative or positive self-talk often start in childhood. Usually, the self-talk habit is one that’s colored our thinking for years  and can affect us in many ways, influencing the experience of stress in our lives.?? However, any time can be a good time to change it. Here are some ways you can stop yourself from using negative self-talk and use your mind to boost your productivity and self-esteem  and relieve stress. Notice Your Patterns The first step toward change is to become more aware of the problem. You probably don’t realize how often you say negative things in your head, or how much it affects your experience. The following strategies can help you become more conscious of your internal dialogue and its content.?? Journal Writing: Whether you carry a journal around with you and jot down negative comments when you think them, write a general summary of your thoughts at the end of the day, or just start writing about your feelings on a certain topic and later go back to analyze it for content, journaling can be an effective tool for examining your inner process.Thought-Stopping: As you notice yourself saying something negative in your mind, you can stop your thought mid-stream my saying to yourself “Stop”. Saying this aloud will be more powerful, and having to say it aloud will make you more aware of how many times you are stopping negative thoughts, and where.Rubber-Band Snap:  Another therapeutic trick is to walk around with a rubber band around your wrist; as you notice negative self-talk, pull the band away from your skin and let it snap back. It’ll hurt a little, and serve as a slightly negative consequence that will both make you more aware of your thoughts  and help to stop them! (O r, if you don’t want to subject yourself to walking around with a rubber band on your wrist, you’ll be even more careful to limit the negative thoughts!)   Replace Negative Statements   A good way to stop a bad habit is to replace it with something better. Once you’re aware of your internal dialogue, here are some ways to change it:?? Milder Wording:  Have you ever been to a hospital and noticed how the nurses talk about ‘discomfort’ instead of ‘pain’? This is generally done because ‘pain’ is a much more powerful word, and discussing your ‘pain’ level can actually make your experience of it more intense than if you’re discussing your ‘discomfort’ level. You can try this strategy in your daily life. In your self-talk, turning more powerful negative words to more neutral ones can actually help neutralize your experience. Instead of using words like ‘hate’ and ‘angry’ (as in, “I hate traffic! It makes me so angry!”), you can use words like ‘don’t like’ and ‘annoyed’ (“I don’t like traffic; it makes me annoyed,” sounds much milder, doesn’t it?)Change Negative to Neutral or Positive:  As you find yourself mentally complaining about something, rethink your assumptions.?? Are you assuming something is a negative event when it isn’t, necessarily? (For example, having y our plans canceled at the last minute can be seen as a negative, but what you do with your newly-freed schedule can be what you make of it.) The next time you find yourself stressing about something or deciding you’re not up to a challenge, stop and rethink, and see if you can come up with a neutral or positive replacement.Change Self-Limiting Statements to Questions:  Self-limiting statements like “I can’t handle this!” or “This is impossible!” are particularly damaging because they increase your stress in a given situation and they stop you from searching for solutions. The next time you find yourself thinking something that limits the possibilities of a given situation, turn it into a question. Doesn’t “How can I handle this?” or “How is this possible?” sound more hopeful and open up your imagination to new possibilities? You can also help yourself develop more positive self-talk by bringing more positive energy into your life.?? Surround yourself with positivity so your mind remains more optimistic and positive. How to Use Journaling for Effective Stress Management

The Arts A Fundamental Element Of Ones Human Condition...

The arts are a fundamental element of ones human condition as it provides a medium for the freedom of self-expression such as thoughts, ideas, beliefs and culture. Through this, worldviews are communicated and reflected. There is a natural necessity to create as it shares an insight into identity and culture (Wright, 2002).One who contributes, participates and views art, experience and demonstrate imagination, creativity, self-achievement, pride and pleasure. Through implementing arts into early childhood, it can foster and support a child’s mean making, self- expression and holistic development (Wright, 2002). The arts play an immense role in a child’s holistic development as it supports the links between body, cognition, spirit and culture. It is evident the arts have multiple benefits to a child’s visual, spatial, aural and bodily-kinaesthetic modes or multimodal leaning (Wright, 2002). Through this, children are able to record their thoughts and feelings with out verbally communicating and this can be done through problem solving. In all environments and cultures, there is a vast amount of visual art that can be seen as a language and symbol system, becoming a powerful tool (Wright 2002). The creation and purpose for visual arts is for visual perception. The visual arts is where one can view and show representations of their values, ideas, history and culture and in relation to one’s purpose and context (Wright, 2002). Visual art is an important aspect to a child’sShow MoreRelatedConcept Of Operational Art As A Cognitive Process1538 Words   |  7 Pages Operational art implies that war is the use of military force to achieve a strategic political goal, and that warfare is the methodology in which the government employs its military force to achieve that goal. The concept of operational art as a cognitive process to align actions in space and time is critical to understanding its relationship to war and warfare. As a cognitive process, its strengths and weaknesses derive from the human element. Historical examples demonstrate that those who haveRead MoreRIWT task 1 direction Essay example669 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿SUBDOMAIN 112.1 - FUNDAMENTAL CONC EPTS, METHODS, MODES IN THE HUMANITIES Competency 112.1.2: Imagination, Values, and Emotions -  The graduate examines concepts and modes of expression in human imagination, values, and emotions. Introduction:    Works of art vary greatly across genres and time periods. Some works of the humanities seem to have originated from the minds of specific individuals or from social and cultural influences, while other works of art were influenced by the styles andRead MoreEssay about European Law and the Principle of Conferral1569 Words   |  7 PagesEUROPEAN LAW AND THE PRINCIPLE OF CONFERRAL The Principle of Conferral is a fundamental principle of European Union law as stipulated in Article TEU 5(1) its limits of Union competences are governed by the principle of conferral According to this principle, the EU is a union of member states, and all its competences are voluntarily conferred on it by its member states. The EU has no competences by right, and thus any areas of policy not explicitly agreed in treaties by all member states remainRead MoreArt History And Its Impact On Art980 Words   |  4 PagesArt history allows for a greater understanding of the progression of human thought and how conditions from one time period to another are reflected in art. Humanity represents itself through art and by doing so we are able to take a deeper look into the mentality and emotions that were held within a certain time period. Human studies such as cultural studies or history only highlight small specific areas of humanity while art history combines the two and gives a comprehe nsive look into all factorsRead MoreYin Yang s Influence On Human Body Being Dealing With Health Issues1633 Words   |  7 Pagesthough confucianism was the dominant and official religion school of thought during the Han dynasty. Yin Yan initially was elaborated and written by Tsou Yen(or Zou Yan) of the Naturalist school(Yin Yang). The Yin Yang phenomena are widely seen in human body being dealing with health issues. That diseases start if there is an imbalance in the Yin Yang in our bodies. If Yin and Yang are balance then we are healthy. Yin(black) and Yang(white), Yin can be seen as more superior to Yang but the two forcesRead MoreAn Internal Market Within The European Union1646 Words   |  7 Pagesmarket bringing about conditions as close as possible to those of a genuine internal market†. ‘Goods’ is define under Art 28 TFEU and further explain in Commission v Italy as products having a monetary value and able to involve in commercial transaction. On the facts it’s a non-fiscal barrier as it only involves products there was no monetary, taxation or charges involve here and the cross border element is satisfy as it’s between member states. Thus the question here is whether Art 34 TFEU is breachRead MoreAnalysis Of Leo Tolstoy s The French Artist 1258 Words   |  6 Pagesaesthetical assessment of art, and the role progress plays in regards to it, contrast greatly from that of the French artist, Marcel Duchamp. However connections can be made between their various aesthetical a rt theories, including in a way, the relationship the art has with the viewer. Although the audience’s role is radically different to each, it is essential component to both, Duchamp’s and Tolstoy’s aesthetical theories. Tolstoy approaches the aesthetic view of art as a necessity to societyRead MoreJustice Is The Legal Or Philosophical Theory Of Justice1503 Words   |  7 PagesJustice is the art which gives to each man what is good for his soul. Discuss. â€Å"Justice is the art which gives to each man what is good for his soul† and that is simply to say that justice is identical with, or inseparable with philosophy. (Cahn, Political Philosophy, 1-136) Justice is an order and duty of the parts of the soul; it is to the soul as medicine preserves the health of the body. In its current and cardinal definition is a just behavior or treatment; a concern for justice, peace, andRead MoreThe Borough Of Brentwood, England Be Considered A Sustainable Community?1112 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Earth will not be able to cope with the exponential growth of pollution and resource consumption. At present there are many examples of areas that have made their communities sustainable as a result of the UN millennium goal. These goals stated†¦One example is Milagro. This is a community in Arizona that has recently become sustainable. It is known for its cohousing community of twenty-eight, energy efficient, passive solar homes. I have chosen to perform my tests in Brentwood as it is a developedRead MoreThe Art Of Human Caring Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesBC November 3, 2016 The art of human caring is one of the most essential parts of the nursing profession. Caring is not something that you learn to do, but something that is within you. In nursing, it is important to know what kind of nurse you want to be as well as the care you intend to provide to your patients. The patient is the center of nursing, and it is your responsibility to make sure they are receiving the best care that they can receive. One of the most important things is to

The Pros And Cons Of Cohabitation Before Marriage

The Pros and Cons of Cohabitation before Marriage Introduction Social scientists have defined cohabitation as a situation where two adults, male and female live together in a relationship that is intimate and non-marital. The two make living arrangements without legal bounds to stay together before getting married. In most of the countries and in this case in the United States, cohabitation is a common feature among the American family life (Stokes Raley, n.d). It has become a typical pathway to marriage hence becoming a central part of the family landscape for adults and children and this is common in the United States (Mosailova, 2014). Research made by the National Survey of Family Growth indicates that approximately 58 percent of†¦show more content†¦The two want to spend adequate time together and get to understand what is required of them when they get married (Alvare, 2012). In this 21st century, family roles have changed because women today are exposed to life at colleges, get good jobs and also own their apartments meaning that they are free to cohabitate before they get married. This is totally different from traditional families whereby women could only leave their home when heading to their husband s homestead. When the two cohabitate they have more time after work to spend together and also developing routines around daily life and this is essential because it helps in building their relationship (Mosailova, 2014). Moreover, when the two cohabitate, they have the opportunity to learn each other s habits before they say ‘I do’. In the process, the partners test their relationship and also presumably prevent divorce in the future. The median duration of cohabitation is 1.3 years and research has shown that 40 percent of the cohabiting partners break up and this occurs after testing the relationship if good or bad (Alvare, 2012). When they cohabitate, they learn each other behaviors in terms of personal characteristics and develop strategies to work together and also respect each other. Many young people plan to stay together to see if they can really put up with each other after marriage. In the process,Show MoreRelatedLiving Together Before Marriage997 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿SPEECH #2: Deciding Whether or not to Live Together before Marriage Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about making decisions on whether or not to live together before marriage. Thesis: Deciding whether or not to live together before marriage is an important decision to make that has both negative and positive consequences depending on which side you choose. I. Introduction: A. Marriage is like fine win, if tended to properly, it gets better with age. According to Neil Shah, â€Å"In theRead Moreterm paper about living together before marriage1464 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿LIVING TOGETHER BEFORE MARRIAGE The human being and their society are always constant motion. In modern life, there are new tendencies which a lot of different than traditional countries appear. One of aspects changed quickly all over the world is love, marriage and family. A flower cannot without sunshine and man cannot live without love. (Max Muller) Love is a sacred and wonderful sentiment. In generation past, marriage and living together forever are a last destination of loveRead MoreMarriage Vs Cohabitation : Marriage And Cohabitation1055 Words   |  5 PagesMarriage Vs Cohabitation Introduction: The picture of family has changed dramatically in the last fifty years, due to the incline of cohabitation before marriage. Cohabitation is extremely popular and has become quite the trend. When looking at both married and cohabitating couples there are advantages and disadvantages to both, but when one looks at the day to day small things they share some common ground. The Pros of Marriage: The tradition of marriage was intended to keep couples togetherRead MoreMarriage And Cohabitation : Marriage Vs Cohabitation1111 Words   |  5 PagesMarriage Vs Cohabitation The picture of family has changed dramatically in the last fifty years, due to the increase of cohabitation before marriage. Cohabitation is extremely popular and has become quite the trend. When looking at both married and cohabiting couples, there are advantages and disadvantages to both, but when one looks at the day-to-day small things they share some common ground. The Pros of Marriage The tradition of marriage was intended to keep couples together for the rest ofRead MoreCohabitation1285 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Raema Miles ENC1101 (online) T. Thomas 11/22/2014 Word Count: 1131 Cohabitation Before Marriage is it Good or Bad? One significant increase in trends is living together before marriage which has created a new term called: Cohabitation. Cohabitation has become very popular among our society in the United States.   According to the latest data from the CDC, nearly half of American women aged 15-44 have lived with a partner sans wedding ring between 2006-2010, up from just 34 percent of women in 1995Read MoreCohabitation Between Cohabitation And Cohabitation Essay1366 Words   |  6 PagesCohabitation refers to an unmarried couple who live together. Living together before marriage is no longer taboo, instead it has become an accepted and expected milestone of adulthood. Cohabitation isn’t a new phenomenon, in fact it became prevalent in the 1970s due to the sexual revolution and the access of birth control. It has become increasingly prevalent over the past three decades. A total of 4.9 million households consisted of heterosexual cohabiting couples in 2000 (Sassler, 2007). TheRead MoreC ohabitation By Andrew J. Postag81v1 s Article From 2004, The Deinstitutionalization Of American Marriage Essay1487 Words   |  6 PagesOver the past few decades, cohabitation has become more recent for couples and families. Cohabitation is when a couple who is not married is living under the same roof as if they are married. It does not refer to roommates or family members who live together, at least two people have to be in a romantic union for it to count as cohabitation. Cohabiting can be for a variety of different reasons. In the 1990s, around 2.5 million people were cohabiting but as of 2015 about 8.3 million people wereRead MoreThe Trial Period Before Marriage1670 Words   |  7 PagesThe Trial Period before Marriage PART A For many decades, cohabitation has been a common trend and is steadily on the rise, especially in the United States. It has been labeled â€Å"the norm† for couples to live together before marriage. Cohabitation has taken research into a new level and new research is evolving day by day with factors related to cohabitation first and marriage next. The types of research that is currently present in today’s society is information on cohabitation and economic factorsRead MoreShould We Live Together1601 Words   |  7 PagesShould We Live Together? 1 Should We Live Together? What Young Adults Need to Know about Cohabitation Alita Lyon Utilizing Information, COM 125 Professor Verdi June 17, 2007 Should We Live Together? 2 Should We Live Together? A Review of the Literature Cohabitation is replacing marriage as the first living together experience for young men and women. When brides walk down the aisle over half have already lived together with a boyfriend. For today s young adultsRead MoreMarriage : Then And Now1583 Words   |  7 Pages110 – Marriage Family 9/11/14 Marriage: Then and Now The evolution of marriage has transformed a great deal overtime, and today, is in a unique stage. It is often that couples choose to live together before tying the not. This is called cohabitation. During this time period, couples are able to experience one another at the next level. They learn more about their significant other than ever before, and it is a great assessor as to what the future holds for the two. Whereas cohabitation is widely

Hanson Industry HPL Free Essays

Abstract Hansson Private Label (HPL) is a manufacturer of personal care products. The company was purchased by Mr Hanson in 1992. The investment represented significant risk for Hanson because a significant portion of his wealth was tied up is a single investment. We will write a custom essay sample on Hanson Industry HPL or any similar topic only for you Order Now Over the past sixteen years Hanson has grown the company at a conservative but persistent fashion. He is now faced with an investment opportunity that promises swift growth but also accompanies significant amount of risk. The sales of the private labels are dependent on few larger customers and customer retention is very important to a company like HPL. Recently HPL’s largest customer has approach the company for a large order. The company will need to invest in expanding its facilities in order to meet the order requirements. This is an excellent opportunity for HPL but the downside is that the customer would only commit to a three year contract and the company can bear significant losses if the customer refuses to buy the product after the contract expires. Therefore Hansson needs to accurately calculate the cash flows related to the investment and account for the risk inherent in the investment before he can make decision on the expansion project. Excel Sheet Projections for Expansion Project Investment Appraisal for Expansion Project 2009-2018 Free Cash Flows, NPV, IRR, MIRR Calculation of Cost of Capital Riskfree Rate, Market Risk Premium, EquityBeta, Cost of Equity, Cost of Debt, WACC Sensitivity Analysis of Key Projections Decrease of 10% Current Increase of 10% Capacity Utlilization, Selling Price, WACC, Production Cost Page 1 HPL. tx. txt Questions Covered 1. There are two main parts to any valuation analysis: Projection of cash-flows and discounting them by the appropriate discount rate. Your main objective is to analyze the appropriateness of both these parts. Are the cash-flow projections reasonable? Does the discount rate make sense? 2. Estimate appropriate incremental after-tax cash-flows. Make sure that you explain the appropriateness of your cash-flow projections. 3. What should the discount rate depend on? Discuss. 4. Finally, offer your conclusions including an analysis of strategic implications of the proposal. You are not expected to know as much as the insiders of the firm. They will certainly know more. But, do the best you can. How to cite Hanson Industry HPL, Papers

Linguistics and Language Essay Example

Linguistics and Language Essay 1. The underlying assumptions, theories, and methods used by psychologiest, linguists, and researchers are believed to strongly affect the way each defines psycholinguistics. Please discuss some different conceptions of psycholinguistics in its relation to other branches of linguistics. Then, define yours. One of your reference should be â€Å"fundamentals of Pyscholinguistics by Fernandez and Cairns (2010)† OPsycholinguistics is an interdisciplinary field of study in which the goals are to understand how people acquire language, how people use language to speak and understand one another, and how language is represented and processed in the brain. Psycholinguistics is primarily a sub-discipline of psychology and linguistics, but it is also related to developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, neurolinguistics, and speech science (Fernandez: 2011). OPsycholinguistics examines the psychology of language; psycholinguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processes involved in language. Psycholinguists study understanding, producing, and remembering language, and hence are concerned with listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language. (Harley, Trevor A. 2001. The Psychology of Language. ) OPsycholinguistic studies have revealed that many of the concepts employed in the analysis of sound structure, word structure, and sentence structure also play a role in language processing. However, an account of language processing also requires that we understand how these linguistic concepts interact with other aspects of human processing to enable language production and comprehension. ( William OGrady, et al. , Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction. Bedford/St. Martins, 2001 OPsycholinguistics, there is a constant exchange of information between psycholinguists and those working in neurolinguistics, who study how language is represented in the brain. There are also close links with studies in artificial intelligence. Indeed, much of the early interest in l anguage processing derived from the AI goals of designing computer programs that can turn speech into writing and programs that can recognize the human voice. (John Field, Psycholinguistics: A Resource Book for Students. Routledge, 2003) OPsycholinguistics refers to the efforts of both linguists and psychologists to explain whether certain hypotheses about language acquisition and language competence as proposed by contemporary linguistic theories (e. g. : transformational generative grammar) have a real basis in terms of : perception, memory, intelligence, motivation, etc. (Hartmann and stork: 1973) Oâ€Å"†¦.. psycholinguists are interested in the underlying knowledge and abilities which people must have in order to use language in childhood. We will write a custom essay sample on Linguistics and Language specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Linguistics and Language specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Linguistics and Language specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I say â€Å"underlying knowledge and abilities† because language, like all systems of human knowledge, can only be inferred from the careful study of overt behavior. † (Dan Isaac Slobin: 1979) OBased on my reading, Psycholinguistics is study about language acquisition, language used one another, and study how language is represented and processed in the brain. Psycholinguistics is primarily a sub-discipline of psychology and linguistics, but it is also related to developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, neurolinguistics, and speech science. . Linguistic analysis might use similar language data or language corpuses as the object of analysis. Please give an example of language use which can be analyzed from different point of view, particularly from semantics, pragmatics, socialinguistics, discourse analysis, and psycholinguistics. Support your answer in term of their focuses of analysis. How are they similar, different, and how are they related one other. Linguisti cs study about human language as communication. In other hand, linguistics as fild of study that the object is language. Semantics is one of study that hand-in-hand with pragmatics. specializing in semantics studies, languageis study about the meaning of words, that is influenced by the context in which the words are presented. Semantics study how words are given meaning by their structure, tone, and the situation in which they are used.  ·Pragmatics is concerned with the role of context in the interpretation of meaning.  ·Pragmatics and semantics is different parts but the same general study. Both semantics and pragmatics are concerned with people’s ability to use language meaningfully. While semantics is concerned with a speaker’s competence to use the language system in producing meaningful utterances and processing (comprehending).  ·Sociolinguistics a close neighbour of psycholinguistics, can be defined as the linguistic study dealing with the functioning of language in society. Sociolinguitics has to do with the study of language from the viewpoint of how social, regional, individual and historical aspects influence the language and its use in society which is specifically called speech community. OPsycholinguistics is the study of language acquisition and linguistic behavior. Psycholinguistics refers to the efforts of both linguists and psychologists to explain whether certain hypotheses about language acquisition and language competence as proposed by contemporary linguistic theories (e. g. : transformational generative grammar) have a real basis in terms of : perception, memory, intelligence, motivation, etc. (Hartmann and stork: 1973)  ·Discourse Analysis is approaches to analyzing written, vocal, or sign language use. discourse analysis is, like descriptive linguistics, a way of studying language. It may be regarded as a set of techniques, rather than a theoretically predetermined system for the writing of linguistic rules. (Yule, George. 1983. Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Doing discourse analysis certainly involves doing syntax and semantic, but it primarily consists of doing pragmatics. In discourse analysis, as in pragmatics, we are concerned with what people using language are doing, and accounting for the linguistic features in the discourse as the means employed in what they are doing. . The objects of psycholinguistic studeis are addressed to language production, acquisition, and comprehension. Could you explain how are the processes of the three language uses in term of psycholinguistics analysis.  ·Language production based on Levelt, speech production divided into four stage; I. Conceptualization and formulation Primitive linguistic concept about first conceptualized in human mind by David Mcneill stated that linguistic concepts are f ormed as two current and parallel modes of taught. These are syntactic thinking and imagistic thinking. Then syntactic thinking and imagistic thinking ellaborate to conceptualize conversation in which speech utterance and gestures to be tied together in time. But this concept has gone record. Formulation as the output of the process language production. Lashely stated that production and comprehension of speech is linear process. Based on tradition od examining speech production, sleep tangue as a window of the formulation process. II. slips of the tongue Slip of the tongue is normal mistake, it happen to catch the goof ourselve. Then we can immediately correct. Slip the tongue as the production process . ut this concept has gone record too. III. Articulation In this stage we consider about what happens when all of he information go from our brain to articulation. IV. Self-Monitoring Self – monitoring seems that as final stage. It is not only produce speech and listen one to another, but also to keep one ear open on what they themselve saying.  ·Language acquisition Language a cquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words[-;0] and sentences[-;1] to communicate. Language acquisition began the same with the cognitive science at 1950’s. Chomsky argued that language acquisition falsified these beliefs in a single stroke: children learn languages that are governed by highly subtle and abstract principles, and they do so without explicit instruction or any other environmental clues to the nature of such principles. While Hence stated language acquisition depends on an innate, species-specific module that is distinct from general intelligence. Chomsky believes that every child has a ‘language acquisition device’ or LAD which encodes the major principles of a language and its grammatical structures into the child’s brain. In other point of view There are five stages in language acquisition stated by Chumbow and Adegbija (1984) such as babbling stage, the holophrastic stage, the two-word utterances, the telegraphic stage and recursive stage.  ·Language comprehension Clark and Clark argue that language comprehension is mental process by listeners take in the sounds uttered by speaker and use them to construct an interpretation of what they think the speaker intended to convey. (Clark and Clark: 1977)In sum up, language comprehension is building the meaning from sounds. While Language comprehension is generally viewed in cognitive theory as con-sisting of active and complex processes in which individuals construct meaning from aural or written information (Anderson 1985; Byrnes 1984; Call 1985; Howard 1985; Pearson 1985; Richards, 1983). An-derson (1983, 1985) proposes that the mental processes necessary for comprehending aural and written texts are sufficiently similar that comprehension of both can generally be discussed as a common phe-nomenon. 4. Following Clark and Clark (1977), comprehension involves two processes-construction and utilization processes. The first is concerned with the way listeners construct an interpretation of a sentence from the speakers’ words. The second deals with how listeners utilize this interpretation for further purposes for registering new infromation, answering questions, following orders, and registering promises. What really happens in our cognitive domains (memory) for both processes? Examplify your answer that the first happens earlier than the second OClark and Clark (1977) say that short-term memory is roughly related to the working memory in the construction process; long term memory is dealt with the process of utilization. In other word In short, short-term just focus on the surface of the utterance (how the sentence is constructed) while the long one concern on the meaning more (how the sentence is properly utilized). Outilization, consists of relating a mental represen-tation of the text meaning to declarative knowledge in long-term mem-ory. This process is referred to as elaboration in other descriptions of the reading process. Utilization is the key to comprehension and the basic determinant that facilitates it. In any mes-sage, there may be an interplay between information we already know and information that is entirely new. . Production of a speech requires speakers to plan what to say before its execution. Theoritically, the plan begins firstly with discourse plan followed by sentence plan and, at last, constituent plan. What should be the underlying concepts of this order? In the execution of a speech plan, several mental activities happen, what are they? Explain your answer OSpeech production is the process by which spoken[-;2] words are selected to be produced, have their phonetics[-;3] formulated and then finally are articulated by the motor system[-;4] in thevocal apparatus[-;5]. Speech production can be spontaneous such as when a person creates the words of a conversation[-;6], reaction such as when they name a picture or read[-;7] aloud a written word[-;8], or a vocal imitation such as in speech repetition[-;9]. Speech production is not the same as language production since language[-;10] can also be produced manually by signs[-;11]. The production of spoken language[-;12] involves three major levels of processing. The first is the processes of conceptualization[-;13] in which the intention[-;14] to create speech links a desired concept to a particular spoken word to be expressed. The second stage is formulation in which the linguistic[-;15] form required for that words expression is created. This process involves such processes as the generation of a syntactic[-16] frame, and phonological[-17] encoding which specifies the phonetic[-18] form of the intended utterance, the third stage is articulation[-19] which involves the retrieval of the particular motor phonetics[-20] of a word and the motor coordination[-21] of appropriate phonation[-22] and articulation by the lungs, glottis, larynx, tongue[-23], lips[-24], jaw[-25], and other parts. Levelt, WJ (1999). Models of word production. [-26]. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 3 (6): 223–232) 6. Children acquire language faster than adults’. Please give your arguments to agree or disagree to this statement. How do children use their utterance compared to adult. You should refer to, at least, four references. OChomsky points out that a child could not possibly learn a language through imitation alone beca use the language spoken around them is highly irregular – adult’s speech is often broken up and even sometimes ungrammatical. In ways understanding and establish meaning in words, children and adults are different. Children tend to focus more on the superficial physical characteristics of an object when defining the prototype for an object and when comparing a stimulus to that prototype. Thus, children will gradually their understanding of an object. Steinberg at all (2001) conclude the progress started from vocalization to babbling, babbling to speech, naming and using holophrastic for one word utterances, and using telegraphic speech for two and three words utterances. Another expert Mc Neill in Steinberg at all (2001:36) gives another opinion that the child who is learning language can compare the language that they have in their mind with what they hear from his parents. Children give priority to collocational links between words. For example, a child might respond with the word ‘night’ when told the word ‘dark’, whereas an adult more likely to respond with the word ‘light’ when presented with the same word ‘dark. Children may take time to discover the criteria by adult classify item as co-ordinates. 7. Language structure and language function can be seen differently by different scholars from the side of the meaning of an utterance. Please discuss your opinion about the function approach to meaning (the procedures and uses) Outterances has different meaning in context (including the situation, condition, location and the time in which the utterances are produced). For example : †Masak begitu saja jadi gila sih? † this utterance May be in giving support or motivate somebody who just got disappointed or depressed. 8. Please quote a mass demonstrant’s discourse (at least consisting of ten sentences). Please analyze psycholinguisticly the discourse of the demonstrant by considering his/her mass psychology. ODemo guru bantu : ‘angkat kami jadi PNS. Kami telah lama mengabdi untuk negri ini. Kalau kami tidak diangkat jadi PNS, gaji kami tidak cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan primer kami. Yaitu kebutuhan hidup keluarga dan kebutuhan pendidikan anak-anak kami. Guru bantu perlu diperhatikan kesejahteraan hidupnya. Dari demo guru di atas terlihat semua individu memiliki kepentingan menjadi satu yaitu meminta kenaikan Gaji yang tidak sesuai standar untuk memenuhi kebutuhan utama. Dari kalimat demo di atas, setiap idividu guru lebih memiliki power yang lebih besar untuk meminta kenaikan gaji dikarekan mereka bersatu menjadi satu. OMass psychology is a branch of social psychology[-27]. Mass psychology is concerned with the behaviour and thought processes of individual mass members and the mass as a whole. The main idea of Sigmund Freud[-28]s crowd behavior theory is that people who are in a crowd act differently towards people from those who are thinking individually. The minds of the group would merge to form a way of thinking. Each members enthusiasm would be increased as a result, and one becomes less aware of the true nature of ones actions. Other major thinkers of crowd psychology include Rene Girard[-;29], Gustave Le Bon[-;30], Wilfred Trotter[-;31], Gabriel Tarde[-;32],Sigmund Freud[-;33], Elias Canetti[-;34], Steve Reicher[-;35] and Julia Constintine. 9. How do you agree (support) or disagree to the following ideas: a. language need not be taught, nor can it be suppressed OI agree that language need to be taught nor can be suppressed, Fernandez stated that language acquisition in the child is a naturally unfolding process, Every normal human acquires alinguistic system, and failure to do so is evidence for some sort of pathology. that children need to experience social, interactive language in order to acquire language. In fact, people acquire language at about the same speed during about the same age span, no matter what kind of cultural and social situation they grow up in. b. hildren everywhere acquire language on a similar developmental schedule OI agree that children everywhere acquire language on a similar developmental schedule. Based on (Fernandez: 2011) state that babies coo in the first half of their first year and begin to babble in the second half. The first word comes in the first half of the second year for just about everyone. In all societies, babies go through a one-word stage, followed by a period of early sentences of increasing len gth; finally, complex sentences begin. By the age of 5 the basic structures of the language are in place, although fine-tuning goes on until late child-hood. Children all over the world are sensitive to the same kinds of language properties, such as word order and inflection. They make remarkably few errors, but their errors are of a similar type. While there is much individual variation in the age at which children acquire aspects of language, that variation is conditioned by individual char-acteristics of the child rather than by the language being acquired or the culture in which the language is used. c. language is universal in human being OI agree with that statement about there are close to 7,000 languages spoken in the world today and, on the surface, they differ greatly. However, there are profound similarities among the languages of the world – so many similarities, in fact, that human language can be thought of as a single entity. Language universals result from the way the human brain organizes and processes linguistic information: language universals are a product of human neurology. Thus, a person’s ability to acquire and use language is natural These universals do not derive from social, cultural, or general intellectual characteristics of humans. Instead, List of references: Clark, H. H. and E. V. Clark (1977): Psychology and Language, New York, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Fernandez, Eva M. (2011). Fundamental of psycholinguistics. Oxford. Wiley-Blackwell Steinberg, at all (2001): Psycholinguistic: Language, Mind, and World. Malaysia, Pearson Education. Scovel, T (2001): Psycholinguistics. Hong Kong, Oxford University Press. Yasin, Anas. (2010). Tindak Tutur: sebuah model gamatika komunikatif. Padang: Sukabina Press [-;0] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Word [-;1] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sentence_(linguistics) [-;2] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Spoken [-;3] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Phonetic [-;4] http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Motor_system [-;5] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Vocal_apparatus [-;6] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Conversation [-;7] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Reading_(process) [-;8] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Writing [-;9] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Speech_repetition [-;10] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Language [-;11] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sign_language [-;12] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki /Spoken_language [-;13] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Conceptualization [-;14] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Intention -;15] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Language [-;16] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Syntactic [-;17] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Phonological [-;18] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Phonetic [-;19] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Manner_of_articulation [-;20] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Phonetics [-;21] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Motor_coordination [-;22] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Phonation [-;23] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Tongue [-;24] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Lip [-;25] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Jaw -;26] http://www. columbia. edu/~rmk7/HC/HC_Readings/Levelt. pdf [-;27] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Social_psychology [-;28] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud [-;29] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Girard [-;30] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon [-;31] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Wil fred_Trotter [-;32] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Gabriel_Tarde [-;33] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud [-;34] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Elias_Canetti [-;35] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Steve_Reicher

How to Get Out of a Job You Hate

How to Get Out of a Job You Hate It would be great if everyone were making a living at their dream jobs. Or if that job you loved so much when it was new, and you were still learning and feeling challenged and excited to show up on Monday morning, were as shiny and happy forever. But sometimes reality gets in the way, and a job just isn’t the right fit for you, or you outgrow it. What next? [via Giphy]Signs This Isn’t the Job for YouBefore you start down a path you can’t reverse (there are very few ways to claim â€Å"backsies† on a resignation letter), it’s important to know whether this is just temporary malaise, or something bigger. So when is it time to quit? Here are some of the telltale signs you’re ready to move on.You don’t feel challenged.If you feel like you could make it through your to-do list without disturbing your sleep, you are probably not challenged enough by your work. Other symptoms: having to stretch out projects to fill your day and look product ive, or spending a lot of time messing around/checking social media/shopping online. If you don’t have enough to do, or tasks that engage you, it can be easy to fall into bad, time-wasting habits.You feel miserable.This may seem like a no-brainer, but it’s a big one. Listen to what your body is trying to tell you about stress. Everyone has a grouchy day or two if work is stressful, but if you find yourself in a long string of them, it may be time to start over somewhere else. This is especially true if you start losing sleep, or find yourself getting sick more often than usual. If you’re that unhappy that even your body is saying â€Å"blow this popsicle stand,† it’s time to pay attention.You can’t work with your boss.Lots of things can change about your job: tasks, priorities, projects, even your salary and benefits. One thing you’re unlikely to change: your boss. If you find yourself butting heads because your styles are so differen t, accept that you’re unlikely to change how this person works.You can try to amend your own approach in the name of harmony and productivity, but sometimes there is just no way to make two people compatible- especially if your boss is overbearing or non-communicative. This is a person you will be relying on day-to-day guidance and performance reviews, so this is not an enemy you want to have. And a coup is unlikely, unless this person is incompetent and on the verge of being fired, so the best option is to remove yourself.Your performance and morale are obviously suffering.Can barely contain that eyeroll when Sue starts talking? Feel irrational levels of rage when Andy sends yet another round of ten emails when one would do? Leave early because you just couldn’t take the day any longer? Chances are, your unhappiness is showing to any and all around you, and if you’re letting that anger and frustration affect your work, that’s a problem. It’s bette r to get out before your tasks (and your rep) starts to decline.Your 8 Steps to FreedomSo you’ve got all the symptoms- what do you do next? There are some best practices you should follow once you decide to call it quits- and some things you definitely should not do.1. Don’t quit in a huff.There are exceptions to this, like if you’re asked to do something that is illegal, or if you’ve just won the Powerball. Otherwise, keep your job for now. This is two- fold: a) It’s easier to search for a job when you already have the security of one; and b) unfair or not, many employers prefer to hire someone who doesn’t have employment gaps.2. Consider taking on a side hustle.This can be a good distraction from a day job that is slowly sucking your essence, giving you something new to focus on. (Just don’t spend your regular work time setting up your new business, or that could open up a whole bunch of other unpleasant issues at your already unple asant job.) It’s also a way to start feeling out what you want your revised career path to be. Have you always felt like your heart was somewhere else? This is your chance to start figuring out if you have a passion project, and whether you can channel that passion into a viable paying job.3. Build your professional network.The last thing you want to do is find yourself in the middle of a new job search, and realize that you’re totally unprepared. There are plenty of under-the-radar things you can do to get yourself ready for your imminent search for a new and better gig. Start by beefing up your networks. Some of the best opportunities come because someone’s old college roommate is looking for a team member, and does your friend know anyone who would be a good fit?If you start expanding your reach on sites like LinkedIn, or following/interacting with influential people in your field on social media, you are raising your profile and opening yourself up to potent ial opportunities.Plus, your network might be an essential source of support as you cope with this job you hate. Maybe some have been in that place, and have tips on how to get through it. Maybe others will have valuable insight into what you can do to make your waning time at the job more productive and useful for your future endeavors. Either way, don’t underestimate the help your network can be as you get ready to make a major transition.4. Clean up your own social media.Potential employers can be sneaky, and might be creeping on your Twitter or Facebook profile to see what you’re like. Make extra sure that you don’t have any stray â€Å"I hate this place† notes posted out of frustration, or cringe-inducing inappropriate photos that you may have posted while not realizing you’d be hunting for a job anytime soon.5. Think about what you want to do.You may just want a similar job in your field because you hate your current job/boss, but what if you ’re unhappy at work because you’re on the wrong path altogether? Time to do some deep thinking about what you want to do next. What do you want to achieve in the short term (1-2 years)? What about longer term? If you don’t know what you want your next move to be, your job hunt may not be especially productive, or you could end up in a job you despise just as much as your current one. Make sure you’re clear about what you want to achieve once you’re out of this job.6. Redo your resume.No matter how recently you’ve updated your resume, now is a great time to rewrite, revise, and revamp. If you have the time, start from scratch, and make sure you’re building the strongest possible resume for the current job market. The goal is to have your resume ready to go (and adapt as necessary) for any opportunities that come up.7. Don’t check out mentally.Once you make the decision to walk away, it can be tempting to put in less effort, or n ot care about how your performance affects others at work. Even though it can feel like a major effort, it is definitely in your best interest to keep up a good face at work. You don’t want your reputation to suffer, and in the event that you need a reference from one of your current colleagues, you really don’t want them to say, â€Å"He was great most of the time, but totally checked out by the end.†8. Resign in style.When you give your notice, do not use it as an excuse to get your anger/frustration/disgust off your chest. Delivering sick burns may be entertaining on your way out, but remember that the world is a small place, and your industry might be even smaller. You never know if, five years from now, the person reading this letter will be in a position to help your career. Write a clear, professional note that illustrates your intentions, your last day, and thankfulness for the opportunity in the first place. And if you have to fake that last one a littl e, that’s fine. You don’t have to pretend that your crappy job was the best job you’ve ever had, but a neutral, professional tone is a bare-minimum must.Whether you’re itching to get out the door or just want to make things better for yourself in the short term, the key is looking ahead. Setting goals, and even doing the prep work (resume, job search, network building) can help improve your day-to-day while you plan your escape.

Texas Carbon Definition

Texas Carbon Definition A Texas carbon is the name given to a  carbon atom  that forms  five  bonds. The name Texas carbon comes from the shape formed by five bonds radiating outwards from the carbon similar to the star in the Texas state flag. Another popular idea is that the saying Everything is bigger in Texas   applies to carbon atoms. Although carbon usually forms 4 chemical bonds, its possible (though rare) for 5 bonds to form. The carbonium ion and superacid methanium (CH5) is a gas that can be produced under low-temperature laboratory conditions. CH4 H → CH5 Other examples of Texas carbon compounds  have been observed. References Synthesis and Characterization of Stable Hypervalent Carbon Compounds (10-C-5) Bearing a 2,6-Bis(p-substituted phenyloxymethyl)benzene LigandKin-ya Akiba  et al.  J. Am. Chem. Soc.,  2005,  127  (16), pp 5893–5901 Planar Pentacoordinate Carbon in CAl5: A Global MinimumYong  Pei,  Wei  An,  Keigo  Ito,  Paul von RagueÃŒ Ã‚  Schleyer  and  Xiao Cheng  Zeng  J. Am. Chem. Soc.,  2008  130  (31), 10394-10400

Comparison Of Love Poems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparison Of Love Poems - Essay Example However, I would say that Ted Hughes had not succeeded in blotting out the unpleasant events. Overall, this poem examines their wedding day in retrospect, and I would say that this poem was a realization for everything that had happened that he probably never got to understand at that time. First off, he describes his plain outfit on his wedding day: â€Å"sole, drab, veteran RAF black†. This description of his clothes and the way he emphasized Sylvia’s outfit on this day (which was even made the title of the poem) seemed to show how contradicting their feelings were toward their own wedding. I cannot help but think that this poem shows that only one party was ecstatic at this event: only Sylvia. This is shown in the last two stanzas of the poem, which described the happiness that Ted Hughes saw in Sylvia Plath during their wedding. Clearly, he was aware of how much this wedding meant to his wife. This was evidently one of her happiest days despite the lack of a grand c elebration. However, for his part, the poet used strong words that suggest the feeling of being forced into getting married: exhausted, conscript, squeezed. Despite having a title that seems to convey sweetness and beauty, this poem for the most part, describes how their wedding was unlike any other wedding day. They did not really choose the location of their wedding, which would normally be one of the first considerations in wedding preparations. Next, they did not even have a wedding entourage, and they had to request the sexton, of all people, to be the ring-bearer. Finally, his family and friends did not even know that he was getting married. On the contrary, Sylvia Plath’s â€Å"Wreath for a Bridal† is a magical recollection of their wedding day. Written in the same year as her wedding, the poem conjures images of beauty and nature. Perhaps despite the lack of preparations, Sylvia was personally convinced that she had the most beautiful wedding

Hospital Annual Report-Medical Terminology Essay

Hospital Annual Report-Medical Terminology - Essay Example Our Dermatology Department is intended for patients who suffer from skin diseases and patients who want to undergo plastic surgery. Most of the cases involve psoriasis among adults and contact dermatitis for children. For psoriasis to be diagnosed, our physicians usually request skin biopsy. Patients with psoriatic arthritis are directed to the X-ray laboratory facility to undergo hand x-ray to know the extent of characteristic changes in the small joints. Diagnostic ESR is also done to patients who show signs of joint stiffness and also a blood test. But radiography was added because it is a cornerstone for diagnosing Psoriasis (Scheinfeld & Faad, 2010). Since exercises are a part of the treatment plan, patients are referred to our special group who renders hand rehabilitation exercises. Just a few days ago, we received a patient with a complaint of genital warts, flu like symptoms, and generalized rashes on her sole and palms. To confirm the initial assessment, our dermatologist re quested laboratory staffs to do Dark field examination of spirochete, serological test and spiral taps, all of which are diagnostic examination for syphilis (Raish & Kalus, 1987). The Oncology Department attends to cancer patients. The most prevalent cases we encounter are breast cancer for women although melanoma, leukemia, pancreatic and lung cancer are also on the rise. To diagnose breast cancer, mammogram is done especially if the patient presents suspicious findings like lump, serous bloody discharge, edema, and lymphadenopathy. Our specialty team is responsible for the post mastectomy patients for their breast reconstruction. The team also extends their services to other patients who are amputated because of gangrene or traumatic injury and need prosthesis. One particular case handled by our oncology department is ovarian cancer believed to be linked to endometriosis. Ultrasound was done by our sonogram technician who revealed metastasis thus the patient also suffers from asci tes, hepatomegaly, hirsutism, and anemia (Johnson, 2007). Patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal system are accepted in our Gastroenterology Department. The highest number of cases includes peptic ulcer. Diagnosing the disease involves gastroscopy or upper GI endoscopy. A CT scan was also realized to extend the service of the laboratory facility to patients with cholilithiasis, hernia, lymphoma, polycystic kidney disease, and others. Patients are referred to our specialty team for their diet whose service is not only confined to the department but also work with other patients with nephritis, who are obese, and with celiac disease. On performing ultrasound on one of our patient by our laboratory staff, a case of gallstone was accidentally revealed thus other diagnostic techniques were performed like cholecystography and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In the Pulmonary department, patient being cared for are those who suffer from lung diseases. Pneumoni a is in the top list of our chart although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and adult respiratory distress syndrome are trailing behind. Diagnostic procedure done to establish diagnosis is physical examination with the use of the stethoscope. However, the service of the laboratory staffs cannot be ignored with their blood and sputum test for confirmation. Other services present in our laboratory

Methods of Neuropsychological Studies

Methods of Neuropsychological Studies The term ‘syndrome’ denotes the statistical co-occurrence of a cluster of symptoms. However, it is not imperative that all symptoms of a syndrome be present in a given patient. The statistical cluster is supposed to indicate an underlying cause of various symptoms. A major thrust of cognitive neuroscience is the clarification of structure function of relationships in the human brain understanding the relationship between the human brain structure and function is a major focus of cognitive neuroscience. The methods available to achieve this goal have undergone significant changes over the last 15 years; in particular, functional neuroimaging is rapidly replacing neuropsychological studies of people with brain lesions as the central method in this field, over the last several years, functional neuroimaging has risen in prominence relative to the lesion studies that formed the historical core of work in this field. At the outset, it is important to bear in mind that regardless of the specific method used, inferences from impaired performances following brain damage always focus on the same conclusion; which is, an assumption regarding which structures are necessary to perform a given task. The study of cognitive and behavioural consequences of focal brain lesions has been an indispensable method for relating brain structure to function. Lesion studies rely on correlating damaged structure and abnormal function to determine crucial brain regions necessary for normal function. For this purpose it is necessary not only to detect lesions but also to accurately delineate their spatial extent. The lesion method was influential for our understanding of functions as diverse as memory, emotion, hemispheric specialization, language, vision and motor control. For example, recent neuropsychological research has refined our understanding of how emotions are processed, with damage to the amygdala resulting i n difficulty in recognizing whether faces are expressing fear (Adolphs et al., 1995), and damage to the left insula and basal ganglia leading to a selective difficulty in identifying disgust (Calder et al., 2000).Work involving patients with brain damage has also shown that the posterior ventral cortex is involved in recognizing objects, and that the posterior dorsal regions are involved in integrating visual information with goal-directed motor responses e.g. grasping a door handle (Goodale Milner, 1992). Various types of disorders have been described by clinical neurologists and none has been more frequent and vivid than the syndrome of unilateral spatial neglect. Hemispatial neglect is a common disabling condition following unilateral brain damage, particularly of the right hemisphere. Although it can be caused by various different pathological conditions, it is most often observed after cerebral infarction or hemorrhage and affects up to two thirds of right hemisphere of stroke patients acutely (Stone et al., 1991; Bowen et al., 1999). Unilateral neglect is traditionally defined as a failure to report, respond to or orient towards stimuli in contralesional space (Driver Mattingley, 1998; Halligan, Fink, Marshall, Vallar, 2003; Heilman, Watson, Valenstein, 1993). Perhaps a more appropriate description, especially for severe neglect patients, would be to suggest that the patient behaves as if one half – the contralesional side (the left side for patients with right brain da mage) – of their world has simply ceased to exist, they attend instead to items towards the same side as their brain damage—their ipsilesional side. Their neglect may be so profound that they are unaware of large objects, or even people, in extrapersonal space. Neglect may also extend or be confined to personal space, with patients failing to acknowledge their own contralesional body parts in daily life (Bisiach et al., 1986; Zoccolotti Judica, 1991; Beschin Robertson, 1997). The earliest descriptions of unilateral neglect that were able to localize the underlying lesion with any degree of certainty came from cases initially described by Paterson and Zangwill (1944). Identifying the neuroanatomical correlate of spatial neglect in humans is as challenging because human brain lesions vary tremendously in size and the neglect syndrome itself is multifaceted. While the Paterson and Zangwill (1944) case described a patient with a discrete lesion resulting from a penetrating head wound, the more common cause of neglect is a middle cerebral artery stroke causing widespread damage to the lateral cortical surface and underlying white matter that this artery subserves (Duvernoy, 1999). Unilateral spatial neglect has been investigated in a systematic manner, by comparing performances of unselected groups of right and left brain-damaged patients, both of which were asked to perform tasks requiring an adequate exploration of space. However, the results of these studies have been somewhat varied, and there is still disagreement about both qualitative and incidence aspects of unilateral neglect in lateralized cerebral lesions. For example Battersby et al., (1956) found that lesions of the posterior areas of either hemisphere frequently produced unilateral neglect but Hecaen (1962), in his observation series of 59 patients with unilateral spatial neglect found only one case was suffering from a left hemispheric lesion, and emphasized the relationship between unilateral spatial neglect and lesions of the minor hemisphere. Also, Gainotti (1968) attempted to study the same problem by means of a battery of tests simple enough to be administered to all patients; his results s howed that unilateral spatial neglect is not only significantly more frequent, but also definitely more severe in patients suffering from lesions of the right hemisphere. Lesions of the right hemisphere are far more likely to lead to severe and enduring neglect than left hemisphere damage (Bowen et al., 1999; Stone et al., 1992), perhaps because of the specialization of the latter for language. Cortical damage involving the right inferior parietal lobe or nearby temporoparietal junction has classically been implicated in causing neglect (Vallar Perani, 1986). It has become apparent, however, that the syndrome may also follow focal lesions of the inferior frontal lobe (Vallar, 2001; Husain Kennard, 1997), although lesions confined to the frontal lobe may lead to a more transientneglect (Walker, 1998). Recent studies making use of fMRI scans in neglect patients have suggested that the critical region of overlap in a series of neglect patients’ lesions is either in the superior temporal gyrus (Karnath et al., 2001; Karnath et al., 2004) or the temporoparietal junction (Mort et al., 2003). Regarding localization of functions, research has demonstrated the variability (Kertesz, 1979) as well as the extent of the lesions that give rise to particular language disorders. Paul Broca (1861) suggested that lesions in the inferior frontal gyrus, now corresponding to Brodmann’s areas (BA) 44 and 45, were implicated in speech production disorders (Schiller, 1992). However, as advances in technology have made patients’ lesion information easier to obtain (e.g. CT and MRI scans), lesion–symptom relationships derived from the classical models of aphasia have proven to be less predictive than expected. In many instances, left frontal lesions do not result in Broca’s aphasia (Basso, Lecours, Moraschini, Vanier, 1985; Willmes Poeck, 1993). Moreover, fluency problems can be reliably associated to lesions outside of Broca’s area, including underlying white matter tracts and anterior insula (Bates et al., 2003; Damasio, 1992; Dronkers, 1996; Mohr et a l., 1978). Conversely, lesions to Broca’s area can cause deficits in domains other than speech production, indeed even outside of language (Saygin, Wilson, Dronkers, Bates, 2004). Research has shown that a lesion restricted to Broca’s area gives rise to a transient impairment of language production and that the full complement of symptoms associated with Broca’s aphasia (articulation problem coupled with simplified sentence structure—the pattern known as â€Å"agrammatism†) is the result of more extensive damage to the frontal cortex (Mohr et al., 1978). Evidence suggests, moreover, that the articulation problem present in Broca’s aphasia (â€Å"apraxia of speech†) is associated with damage to a portion of the insula, a part of the cerebral cortex that is not visible from the brain’s surface because of the growth of other parts of the frontal lobe (Dronkers, 1996). There are specialized mechanisms for the perception of speech, which consists of brief stimuli that change rapidly in wavelength composition. Isolating input to critical left temporal areas as a result of a left hemisphere lesion, or in some cases lesions in both hemispheres (the lesion on the right deprives the left hemisphere of transcallosal input), results in the disorder known as â€Å"pure word deafness,† in which patients can hear but cannot understand speech; their native tongue, for example, sounds to them like a foreign language. Moreover, these patients have difficulty discriminating between speech sounds (between â€Å"pa† and â€Å"ba,† for example), although they have little or no difficulty producing speech and understanding written language (Saffarn et al., 1976). Virtually all aphasic patients suffer from verbal short-term limitations (as measured, for example, by asking them to repeat digit strings; their performance tends to be well below the n ormal span of about seven.). One particular group with left posterior parietal lesions (Shallice vallar, 1990) suffers from short-term memory limitations but little else, and many of these patients have sentence comprehension deficits similar to those described in Broca’s aphasics (Saffaran Martin. 1990). It is interesting to note that Broca patients also have difficulty with certain grammaticality judgment tasks, in particular, those that entail linking particular word identities (and/or their meanings) to particular locations in the sentence. Thus, they proved to be insensitive to infractions involving reflexive sentences (e.g., â€Å"The woman looked at himself in the mirror†) in which the gender of the pronoun conflicts with that of the noun to which it refers (Linebarger et al., 1983; Linebarger, 1995). This further suggests that the capacity to integrate the various types of information required for the understanding of sentences is limited in these patients. It may also be the case that frontal activation is critical for sentence production. One view of the sentence production deficit in Broca’s aphasics is that it reflects a timing problem in which lexical items are retrieved too slowly to integrate with sentence structure (Kolk, 1995). Lesions that affect anteri or inferior regions of the left temporal lobe are known to result in semantic deficits in which patients have difficulty finding words and understanding them and often exhibit impairments with pictured materials as well (Howard Patterson, 1992).Studying aphasia and its associated lesions in the late 19th century led to many insights about the neural organization of language functions and many of these insights have been confirmed and elaborated in more recent studies using advanced imaging to localize areas of dysfunctional brain tissue associated with particular language deficits or using functional imaging to identify areas of the brain that were activated during a particular language task in normal controls (Wise, 2003; Bookheimer, 2002) or in recovering aphasic Individuals (Price Crinion, 2005). Technological advances in recent years (e.g. functional imaging techniques) have allowed neuroscientists to measure and localize brain activity in healthy individuals. This has fueled the zeitgeist that the lesion method is an inferior and conceivably antiquated technique. Nonetheless, while the lesion method has notable weaknesses, it can be argued that it supplements the newer methods. Additionally, recent developments deals with many of the criticisms of the lesion method. Patients with brain lesions provide a unique window into brain function, and this methodology will fill an important niche in the growing resource of tools that constantly become available to neuroscientists and neuropsychologists for future research. Nevertheless, it is beneficial to consider whether new technologies can be used to optimize the lesion method. Whilst, some of the lesion method’s limitations are intrinsic to the technique, other weakness can be addressed by recent technical innovations. Th e lesion method has much to offer, despite its limitations; new techniques for imaging the brain and analyzing lesion data have the potential to improve the lesion method. Still, the strength and weaknesses of the lesion method and other imaging techniques such as fMRI are complementary, as some brain functions might be difficult to determine using the lesion method alone or functional neuroimaging alone, but can be successfully undertaken with a combination of these techniques (Price Friston, 2002).

Discussing Act.1 Scene 7 of Macbeth

The scene takes place in the Madison Square Garden's basketball courts after scheduled training. Chris Anderson, reserve point guard, a position recently appointed to him after Jason Hart sustained a serious injury, considers jeopardising Chauncey Billups position as point guard and captain of the Denver Nuggets. Chris talks to head cheerleader and girlfriend Ashley Reynolds and discusses ways to jeopardise Chauncey's position on the team. (Chris dribbles ball across court to Ashley) Chris: If only I could get rid of Chauncey without any suspicions or consequences (Thinks) I could purposely hurt Chauncey in a practise session, but the risk of suspicion would be way too risky. It would be much easier and beneficial to have someone do it for me. (Looks to Ashley in a strange way) Ashley: No, no way would I put my cheerleading career in jeopardy, and besides, who am I to do such a thing! I'm not a violent person! Chris: There's got be some way I can get his position. My basketball coach in college had a prophecy that one day I would be drafted to the NBA. He also stated that I would become a true leader of a NBA team. I've been drafted now and all there is left to do takeover Chauncey's position and captaincy. (Ashley thinks of ways in which Chris could become captain) Ashley: I have a perfect idea. Chris: Out with it then. Ashley: Well, I am head of the cheerleading team and everyone knows, players loooove cheerleaders. Chris: What are you trying to get at? Yes we all love cheerleaders. Ashley: Well, I could jeopardize Chauncey's position on the team by making false accusations that he sexually assaulted me. Chris: (Thinks) No, I couldn't do that to him, Chauncey is a loyal friend and besides, I don't want to ruin his career. What happens if the plan falls through? There's a chance it will ruin my NBA career as well. All the NBA endorsement I have received will be lost. I don't think I'm ready to throw that all away for a starting position on the team. Ashley: You are wrong! Chauncey isn't a loyal friend, he is a team-mate and that's all. Nothing bad will happen to you and your career. You don't have to be involved, no one will ever know! Chris: Ashley, we are a couple now, if news spreads that we are together and then gets linked back to the sexual assault a lot of attention will be brought upon me. I don't know what to do, I'm only a newly recruited player to the Denver Nuggets, I should be appreciative of what has been given to me. Not everybody receives a deal like mine. Chauncey is very deserving of his position on the team and is a very good role model in which I should aspire to. He is so well respected in the NBA. There would be many assumptions as to why he would sexually assault women, let alone a cheerleader from the same team, besides Chauncey has a wife and is a very good friend of yours. Ashley: What are you talking about Chris? Ever since you were drafted to the NBA you've wanted Chauncey's position! You've wanted leadership and you should be granted recognition. What girl doesn't want her boyfriend to show leadership and dominance? I would love you even more if we were to pull this off. Chris: No, the Consequences of these circumstances are far too severe. Chauncey has done nothing to me in order for me to jeopardise his position on the team let alone his career in the NBA. If the predications from my college basketball are true, maybe I might get that leadership role as captain of a team, but who's saying that its going to be captain of the Denver Nuggets, who says that its Chauncey Billups position and role of the team in which I'm going to overthrow. In time, the prophecy will come true. It's better to hide my ambitions then expose them and run the risk of ruining my NBA career, a friends NBA career or my friendship with Chauncey.

A Comparison of the Relationships of David and Solomon...

CALVARY BIBLE COLLEGE A COMPARISON OF THE RELATIONSHIPS OF DAVID AND SOLOMON WITH GOD A PAPER SUBMITTED TO KEITH MILLER IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE SURVEY OF OLD TESTAMENT LITERATURE RP111 BY NICHOLAS M. HERTZFIELD KANSAS CITY, MO DECEMBER 2009 OUTLINE I. Introduction II. Early Life of David III. David’s Focus on God Before Becoming King IV. David’s Reign as King V. Solomon’s Early Reign VI. Solomon’s Decline VII. Solomon’s Later Years VIII. Spiritual Achievements of Both IX. Conclusion A COMPARISON OF THE RELATIONSHIPS OF DAVID AND SOLOMON WITH GOD Introduction In life, every one of us has been given gifts by God. Not everyone will be rich and powerful,†¦show more content†¦He was never afraid of the enemy because he knew God was with him, even when faced with impossible takes, Such as when Saul offered David his Daughter to be his wife, and not a dowry in exchange, but the lives of one hundred Philistines. David said he would double that, and he did, claiming Michal, Saul’s daughter, as his wife which Saul though he could trip him up with. Saul began to so David as his enemy, and David just kept a good attitude and all the people loved him even more. Most men, after being treated that poorly and almost killed by the man you were supposed to succeed, would already have killed Saul, or at least had him killed instead of waiting on the Lord. David, on the other hand, knew he would be king eventually and instead did something constructive and tried to learn to be a better king for the day that he would be made king. He even gives the extremely valuable sword of Goliath as a tithe to the Lord, And even though God does not exactly make it easy for him in this next chapter of his life, he never curses or blames God; he knows He has a plan. David is a shining example of what anyone should do when they pray for something and God answers â€Å"Wait.† David, ironically, was best friends with Jonathan, Saul’s son. Their â€Å"souls were knit†(1 Samuel 18:1) it says, which meant they were bonded and very close, in fact they laid their lives down for each other and risked a lot by staying friends. JonathanShow MoreRelatedThe Tradition Of Wisdom And Immortality And How God Rewards The Sufferings Of The Just1549 Words   |  7 PagesWisdom literature is unlike previous wisdom writings in Israel by its thematic approach and emphasis on salvation history and immortality and how God rewards the sufferings of the just. Through these narratives light is thrown on the struggles of Judaism in the Greek and Roman eras, upholding values and the fight against pagan ideas; monotheism versus polytheism (Boadt:1984) There are many examples of Wisdom literature found in the Old Testament including I Kings 20:11; Jeremiah 23:28; 31:29. 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Technology, War, And World Culture - 1250 Words

Technology, War, and World Culture In 1939 the world seen events that would set the stage for the next great war. In September 3, 1939 Britain, France, Australia, and New Zealand declare war on Germany. Canada quickly follows suit, while United States to remain neutral. Between the nations, blows are quickly traded out; nations pushing technologies to the edge and pushing each others militaries to its full potential. Germany proved that is was a force to be dealt with. New weapons used in war resulted in mass casualties. Poland suffering the most casualties at over 17 percent, mostly civilians, Yugoslavia at 10.9 percent, USSR at 10.4 percent, and Germany at 9.5 percent (History Place). Technology affected war in many ways and thus affected the culture of the world. War always has an effect on the culture of a population. With a whole world going to war every nation sees the effects of this man made pass time. Like a chain effect, technology shapes and changes the way war is made. 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